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Regular version of the site

Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics

2022/2023
Academic Year
ENG
Instruction in English
6
ECTS credits
Course type:
Compulsory course
When:
1 year, 3, 4 module

Instructor

Course Syllabus

Abstract

This course is designed as an introduction to Probability Theory and Statistics with the focus on practical problems. It’s divided into two main parts Probability Theory (Module 3) and Statistics (Module 4). Topics include: combinatorics, conditional probability, random variables, limit laws, statistical point estimation, hypothesis testing. The main statistical topics are also illustrated by the program languages R/Python.
Learning Objectives

Learning Objectives

  • to give the theoretical foundations of probability
  • to build skills of honest computation of probability of events
  • to develop intuition of students about the conditional probability and Bayessian methods
  • to explain connection between probability and statistics
  • to study main notations of applied statistics
  • to study the mathematical basis of statistical methods
  • to demonstrate the mathematical base of hypothesis testing
  • to explain importance of the Central Limit Theorem and to show key role of the normal distribution in statistics
Expected Learning Outcomes

Expected Learning Outcomes

  • constructs confidence intervals for the means and proportions and explains their meaning
  • makes a statistical inference by the significance level and by p-value
  • applies tables of standard normal distributions to compute probabilities and quantiles
  • calculates sample mean, sample variances, sample proportion, sample quantiles and is able to do this by means of computer programs
  • computes approximate probabilities of large number of similar events by CLT
  • computes Z-score of a given value and interprets it
  • correctly applies Classical Formula of probability
  • correctly chooses a test to check a hypothesis
  • correctly constructs the null and the alternative hypothesis
  • describes a random experiment and a sample set
  • distinguishes the discrete and the continuous random variables
  • performs computation of expectation and variance of random variable and describes the model properties through them
  • performs computations of Posterior probabilities by using Bayes' formula
Course Contents

Course Contents

  • Combinatorics and Bernoulli trials
  • Conditional probability. Bayes' formula.
  • Discrete and continuous random variables
  • Normal distribution and Central Limit Theore
  • Statistical Point estimation.
  • Interval estimation.
  • Hypothesis testing.
Assessment Elements

Assessment Elements

  • non-blocking Activity gradе
    Activity grade: The activity grade includes regular homework solution and its demonstration, questions during and after lectures. Also there will be quizzes by using kahoot.com or mentimeter.com. The best students in quizzes will get additional points for the activity grade. Solutions and active discussions of the most difficult tasks (problems with an asterisk) also give additional points to the activity grade. At the seminars that pass online, all students must keep their cameras switched on. If a student refuses to switch on the camera and the microphone during a class, this is estimated as no participation in the class and is equivalent to 0-activity.
  • non-blocking Exam
    60 min written examination. At the exam, it is forbidden to use any notes and any copybooks, as well as any gadget with internet. The students who violate these rules will get a warning, if they violate the rules twice they will get 0. All students must turn on cameras on their computers and must stay clearly visible by the cameras during the exam, if the exam is online. Otherwise, the mark will be 0. It is forbidden to use internet calculators, and social networks for the exam. It is forbidden to communicate with anybody during the exam. Otherwise, the professor has a right to put 0. It is highly recommended to upload the solutions in .pdf format in case of online exam.
  • non-blocking Test 1
    80 minutes. All students must write the Tests and Mini-tests at the time that the teacher announced in advance. Those, who are absent at the Tests by legitimate reasons (medical reasons confirmed by the corresponding medical documents), will have an opportunity to write the test at the end the course. If a student was absent at the tests without legitimate reasons he/she gets 0 for this test. In case of online test, all students must keep cameras turned on and must stay clearly visible by the cameras. Otherwise, the professor has a right to put 0. It is forbidden to use the internet resources, internet calculators, and social networks for this test. It is forbidden to communicate with anybody during this test. Otherwise, the professor has a right to put 0. The results and personal mistakes are discussed at the consultations with the teacher.
  • non-blocking Test 2
    80 minutes. All students must write the Tests and Mini-tests at the time that the teacher announced in advance. Those, who are absent at the Tests by legitimate reasons (medical reasons confirmed by the corresponding medical documents), will have an opportunity to write the test at the end the course. If a student was absent at the tests without legitimate reasons he/she gets 0 for this test. In case of online test, all students must keep cameras turned on and must stay clearly visible by the cameras. Otherwise, the professor has a right to put 0. It is forbidden to use the internet resources, internet calculators, and social networks for this test. It is forbidden to communicate with anybody during this test. Otherwise, the professor has a right to put 0. The results and personal mistakes are discussed at the consultations with the teacher.
  • non-blocking Mini-tests
    30-minutes. This mark is constructed as an average of Mini-tests. The duration of each mini-test is 30 minutes. Mini-tests are given more frequently than usual tests. They are used for more regular control of students’ knowledge and understanding. The rounding to the nearest integer is used. At the tests that pass online, the students must switch on theirs cameras.
  • non-blocking Self-Study (report)
    The goal of this task is independent work with mathematical literature, extraction the main ideas from a given mathematical book chapter. After the work with the given literature, the student should present the material to the teacher (or a teacher assistant) keeping the structure: introduction, the main results, and conclusion. The part "main results" should contain the most important formulas, ideas, theorems clearly explained. The teacher (teacher assistant) has a right to ask additional questions or/and give additional tasks connected with the subject of the given material.
Interim Assessment

Interim Assessment

  • 2022/2023 4th module
    0.11 * Activity gradе + 0.25 * Exam + 0.18 * Mini-tests + 0.1 * Self-Study (report) + 0.18 * Test 2 + 0.18 * Test 1
Bibliography

Bibliography

Recommended Core Bibliography

  • A first course in probability, Ross, S., 2010
  • Essentials of statistics for the behavioral sciences, Gravetter, F. J., 2014

Recommended Additional Bibliography

  • Задачник по математической статистике : для студентов социально - гуманитарных и управленческих специальностей, Макаров, А. А., 2019