Publications

The purpose of this article is to assess how museums have changed their presence on Instagram, how subscribers have responded to these changes, and what opportunities are opening up for museums in this regard. The study reveals an increase in the educational focus of museum Instagram during and after the lockdown, as well as an increase in subscriber activity, and offers recommendations on how to use these changes for the future development of museums. Statistical tests, namely the one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the t-test, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test for linked samples, are used to test hypotheses. The research sample includes 7,776 Instagram posts from 74 Russian museums and covers three time periods: before, during and after the lockdown.

In the digital economy, information systems have a significant impact on supply chain management. However, there is a need for further development of theoretical knowledge andmathematical models, including methods formanaging risk in complex supply networks to best serve customer orders. In the supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model, reliability is assessed by calculating perfect order parameters. The component/process reliability is calculated as the product of the weighted averages of the perfect order parameters, and possible combinations of failure features are not taken into account. This paper presents an approach to probabilistic estimation of perfect order parameters based on the general theorem on the repetition of experiments, and proposes to use a binomial distribution to approximate the values obtained. The obtained results make it possible to assess the efficiency of possible measures (increasing the insurance stock, replacing the carrier, etc.) to improve the reliability of perfect order fulfilment.

The research into various sources showed that, despite the results achieved, a low-demand environment and short time series are currently often neglected. To improve the reliability and validity of forecast estimates based on a short time series with low demand, it is necessary to create calculation models using all available quantitative and qualitative information. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that includes the systematisation of statistical data in the form of a time series, statistical and analytical models, expert evaluation of forecast consistency, analysis of the results in order to form versions of a combined model for assessing the predicted parameters of stock consumption, making decisions on choosing one of the inventory management strategies for a short time series with low demand, and the proposed approach is tested. Further research of low demand should include a number of directions, in particular, the development of combined forecasting methods, which include, in addition to quantitative and qualitative methods, the application of decision-making methods.

At present, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods and tools is an essential component of management information systems for a company to succeed in a rapidly changing environment. Agent-based modelling systems as systems of distributed AI must be considered nowadays as an obligatory stage of decision-making in Russian oil and gas companies, which use modern information technologies actively. The paper is focused on the description and comparative analysis of system dynamics and agent-based modelling, used for intelligent decision support systems development in transport logistics. The main goal of this research is evaluation of the multi-agent system's role for decision-making processes and management information systems development and creating the model of logistics processes (the processes of oil and oil products transportation, loading, and unloading). The work is based on a generalisation of theoretical researches in this area along with international practices and domestic experience.

The issues of organization and operational planning in the field of logistics process management in procurement, production and distribution, as well as issues of organization and management of warehousing, inventory management of material resources are considered.

The conceptual apparatus of the considered logistics systems and technologies is analyzed. The issues of designing a warehousing system, building a distribution system, optimizing the processes of inventory management of material resources are described in detail.

The advanced and foreign experience in the field of operational logistics is considered. Corresponds to the latest generation of the Federal State Educational Standard.

For students studying under the advanced training program for mid-level specialists of specialty 38.02.03 "Operational activities in logistics", teachers of economic specialization and specialists working in the field of operational logistics, adapted to the requirements of the "digital economy".

At present, the use of modern modeling methods and tools is an essential component of management information systems for a company to succeed in a rapidly changing environment. It is important that simulation is considered today as an obligatory stage of decision-making in oil companies, which use modern information technologies actively. The paper is focused on the description and comparative analysis of system dynamics and agent-based modeling, used for intelligent decision support systems development in transport logistics. The main goal of this research is evaluation of the multi-agent system's role for decision-making processes and management information systems development and creating the model of logistics processes (the process of oil products loading and unloading). It also considers the main determinations and notions of the intellectual agent modelling methodology, gives the types of modeling categorization. The work is based on a generalization of theoretical researches in this area along with international practices and domestic experience.

There is currently a discussion going on in the scientific community about using digital twins and modeling to manage risks in the supply chains. This need for constructing digital twins is caused by the low reliability and stability of supply chains due to the faults in their operation. These faults are a result of risks in the supply chains which can be consolidated into two types. The first type is operational risks. These are the current risks of the supply chain itself caused by an uncertainty of supply and demand as well as by an obstructed flow of information along the supply chain. The second type is critical risks caused by force majeure. These risks disrupt the normal operation of the supply chain and critically reduce the most important performance indicators of the company such as annual income and profits. Risks happen due to natural or man-made causes such as fires and floods in the distribution centers or at production facilities, legal disputes with suppliers, strikes, terrorist attacks on logistics facilities and others. Dynamic simulation and analytical optimization are two dominant technologies for managing risks of the supply chains, which helps to increase their reliability and stability if failures occur. Through optimizing and simulating of the supply chains, companies can generate new infor-mation about the impact of failure and influence the supply chain and its performance by looking at various scenarios that simulate the locations of failures, the duration and recovery policies. An analysis of the literary sources shows that there is no single approach to build the concept for a supply chain digital twin. This article gives an overview of the literature according to this problem and offers the author's point of view on the concept for a supply chain digital twin.

Around 30% to 70% of products in retail and services experience low demand, including spare parts and components for nearly all types of machinery and equipment industries. A detailed analysis of stock forecasting methods for the low demand represents a research gap in inventory management. The existing clustering methods, that is, ABC analysis and XYZ analysis (based on coefficient of variation), do not allow identification of the consumption process dynamics and, therefore, cannot be used for the classification and improvement of forecasting models for stock consumption. This paper surveys special cases of inventory management with low demand. The results of one- and two-dimensional stock classifications are presented. The limitations of the economic order quantity (EOQ) model for inventory management strategies are determined. Methods of inventory parameter calculations for products with low demand are suggested. Integrated time series forecasting models, along with algorithms to estimate the inven- tory forecasting parameters, are proposed with regard to products with low demand. The basis for the suggested models is the following concept: all the available sources of quantitative and qualitative information should be used for managerial decision-making under uncertainty and risk. Calculations for time series with low demand are conducted for testing purposes. The obtained results confirm the adequateness of the suggested concept, aimed at solving the problem of cost reduction in supply chains.

It has been proved by the latest research on key performance indicators (KPIs) of transportation services that their successful implementation into practice is possible only if there is a thorough database of indicators and the methodology of their calculation. To reach these goals, it is necessary to classify the indicators within the framework of the system which includes the two levels: the basic (the first) and the specific (the second) KPI. This division allows to form the complex of models to calculate the basic indicators, which characterize performance (e.g. performance per hour), time parameters, expenses, reliability, etc. The article provides the analysis of papers on the methods of transportation efficiency rating in supply chains and the ways of their development to increase the efficiency of transportation; the new approach to obtain analytic dependencies to calculate KPI of transportation on the basis of the integral (factorial) method of economic analysis; the examples of calculations of some KPIs of transportation. The suggested KPI models can be used to create programs aimed at the digitalization of transportation operations in supply chains.

Over the past thirty years, optimization modeling techniques have begun to be actively used in supply chain planning and management. Given the specifics of planning tasks in supply chains, linear programming and its methods such as dynamic programming, stochastic programming and scenario planning have become the most popular. These methods make it possible to optimize the supply chain across numerous databases, each of which corresponds to a scenario describing different options for development in an uncertain future. Despite quite intensive research in this area, dynamic and stochastic programming is still underused by managers to solve application tasks in various fields, including supply chain management. Hence, there is a need for development of new planning models in logistics and supply chain management in the context of incomplete information and methods that are used to investigate situations of risk and uncertainty.

The article covers issues of supply chain modeling being an important step in the decision- making process. Logistics and supply chain management consider movement and transition of material flow as well as financial, information and other flows associated with it. The characteristics of a flow must be measured considering the dynamics of the flow movement. This determines the importance of simulation modeling in decision-making support system as the approach involves the implementation of modeling system algorithm functioning in a virtual time environment. The literature analysis, on the one hand, allowed to conclude that the traditional approach to functioning process characteristics determination involving consistent problem solving on the level of supply chain element, is limited or not reflecting the specifics of real processes where the parameters variability in time is possible. On the other hand, there is lack of specific recommendations on building models based on principles of system dynamics as a simulation modeling tool which allows to consider process characteristics variability. This determines the aim of the research a part of which presents supply chain simulation model illustrating the possibilities of the approach. The results of the work can be used both in practice for industrial enterprises and for future research.

The current state of management practice is characterized by the presence of a demand to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of logistics processes, on the one hand, and an insufficient level of application of one of the main tools for achieving this goal - optimization modeling, on the other. One of the main reasons of this phenomenon is the lack of a universal basis of the proposed optimization models that does not allow them to be applied widely enough in companies with different business process structures. The aim of the research was to develop a universal, based on the SCOR framework, integrated model for optimizing the logistics service of an enterprise. During the research process, the overview of the developed models for logistics service optimization, the analysis of the limitations of the logistics system optimization models, the adaptation of the map of SCOR process metrics have been carried out; the influence diagram of the optimization model components has been developed; the models of cost optimization and logistics service optimization have been combined into a single integrated optimization model; an algorithm for the optimal solution search has been elaborated; the implementation of the model and algorithm as a program for the solution search has been introduced. As a result, the integrated optimization model based on the components of the SCOR model has been developed, combining the cost and service level optimization models, using the outputs of one model as inputs for another when searching for an optimal solution. Building the optimization model on the basis of the SCOR model components provides universal character of its application, taking into account the set of costs, arising in a logistics system, including indirect ones, and the set of metrics of logistics service reflects the links between functional departments, the ability to maintain a level of total costs at the efficiency frontier, achieving the goal of the profit maximization at the same time, provides a link between the tactical and operational levels of decision-making, which together leads to an increase in the reasonableness and quality of management decisions, and creates prerequisites for the overall optimal functioning of an enterprise logistics system.

The content of the concept of ensuring transparency of the supply chain, which currently attracts the attention of middle and senior managers in a wide range of companies and industries, is disclosed. The analysis of the reasons for the increased interest in the issues of transparency in supply chains, in particular: pressure from the government, consumers, non-governmental organizations, etc. on the management of focus companies, so that they open more information about their supply chains. It has been shown that the reputational costs associated with not meeting these requirements can be very high. It has been shown that the reputational costs associated with not meeting these requirements can be very high. The article explains the meaning of supply chain transparency and provides guidelines and methodology for mapping and expanding progress in understanding SC-Transparency. The analysis is based on overseas DRM experience shared by dozens of companies in all industries of all sizes over the past decade with consistent advances in DRM. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the experience of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - an initiative founded at the MIT Transport and Logistics Center; research by Sourcemap, a provider of supply chain transparency solutions; and research in this area by leading experts and analysts.

         The problems of digital transformation of supply chains are considered. A framework for the digital transformation of the supply chain is proposed, which consists of four basic elements: digitalization of customer experience, digitalization of products and services, digitalization of operations / processes, digital transformation of the company / supply chain. The content (functional) structure of four frame blocks is defined and the main components (systems, technologies) that make up the digital content of the framework are described in detail.

          A diagram (algorithm) of the supply chain digitalization process has been developed, which includes three main stages: awareness of the need for digitalization, digital vision and strategy, in fact, a digital chain transformation technique.

          The process of digital transformation of the supply chain itself includes a number of design decisions related to the formation of a communication network structure (Multi Party Network), in particular using the Blockchain technology, an integrated supply chain planning system, the Digital Twin ecosystem, as well as a digital platform control and monitoring of events in the supply chain (Supply Chain Control Tower).

The analytical review identifies the main trends in the digitalization of supply chains and logistics in industry and trade. Methodological aspects of digital transformation of supply chains are considered. The prospects and problems of using digital technologies such as blockchain, Internet of things, augmented reality, cloud services, big data analysis and predictive analytics, robots, drones, unmanned cars, and 3D printing in logistics and supply chain management are identified. Attention is also paid to issues concerning creating digital twins, modeling, and reengineering of business processes in supply chains.

Rare demand is an important part of the inventory management, nevertheless there are no any appropriate analytical descriptions or numerical examples of it except separate papers where considered the possibility to describe rare demand with Poisson distribution. The divergence between forecasts and actual data could be explained by the following reasons: the first one—extreme values in preforecasting period, as well as not significant ‘length’ of the analyzed time period; the second one—taking data for the forecast from the period of conduction certain actions (sales, promo, etc.), consideration of these actions might be done with combined forecasting methods. The paper describes the approach to assessment of inventory consumption for rare demand based on Poisson distribution. Besides, the paper contains the numerical examples and analysis of the results.

In today's world digital solutions make life easier in various fields. Digital interaction provides a complete transition to automated systems and electronic document management, opening up new prospects for economic growth of the Eurasian economic Union, including the implementation of the transit potential of the Eurasian economic Union. The article considers digital solutions that can allow to develop the transit potential of the Eurasian economic Union, as well as identifies the existing problems of digitalization