Administrative-territorial zoning of the Russian Federation for the period 1918-1938
This Thursday the member of the project: ‘Applied GIS in Humanities: Linguistics, History, Project Work’, Alexandrov Pavel, presented her own research. The presentation was called “Administrative-territorial zoning of the Russian Federation for the period 1918-1938”.
Soviet and Russian researchers have confirmed the importance of the problems of administrative-territorial unit, is "a factor which has a significant impact on the economic and socio-political life of the territory," which confirms the theory of the dominant role of economic factors on national factors at work on the list of territories and establishment of borders the subjects of the Russian Federation between national minorities to form their own state education, and the province-regions.
Presentations on the development of administrative and territorial division of the Russian Federation at the beginning of the XX century in the historiography of the first half of the XX century were described in detail in a large number of scientific papers of researchers from various fields of science. Many of the works, which summed up the reforms not only give a positive assessment of the reform, but also reveal its negative aspects, drawing on examples of some of the subjects of the new Soviet system of administrative-territorial division, is unique (first socialist and successful in scope) and is often contrasted the experience of capitalist countries. This topic has regained popularity in the circles of economic research in the period 1950-1960's, when there was a real need to review the zoning plan and improving governance. Later, in 1980-90-ies administrative territorial zoning of the Russian Federation has been associated with the Soviet Union unfolded state of crisis, and, later on, and the revision of the disputed borders of the newly formed post-Soviet states and entities within the Russian Federation.
The ongoing internal policy of the Soviet Union, namely to increase the pace of collectivization and industrialization widely unfolded the Soviet Union led to such an assessment carried out in the 1920s administrative-territorial reform, for which the results were presented fairly weak and not lived up to expectations. Established after the reform of the system in economic terms did not meet the requirements of the emerging unified for all Soviet administrative-command circuit and establishes directive planning party-departmental unit replaced its regulatory functions territories district and regional administrations. By 1933, this led to an overload of administrative functions of rural and regional authorities. During the work, it was noted that in 1930, after the rejection of the idea of the predominance of the economic principle of regionalization in the Russian Federation began conducting reforms in terms of downsizing of administrative units: a part of the edges begin to form malozavisimyh each other new areas - areas. Which resulted in the complete abolition of the old administrative-territorial units, reminiscent of their economic status province in 1923.
Thus it was abolished the optimal form of farming, the first set of zoning reform 1920-30-ies, in which could be carried out effectively independent development as a concrete particular region (province, region, national republics), since the Russian Federation as a whole.
Despite the difference in the objectives of reform of the administrative-territorial division, they were the folding of modern boundaries of subjects of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the control system of the state within the "center-region".
Report is prepared by Kitaeva Yana.